East Asian Growth Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

East Asian Growth - Case Study Example We will likewise take a gander at the log jam of the Japanese and the Russian economy. The development in the East Asian economy has crested subsequent to arriving at explicit levels; the thinking behind this will be examined and the wavering of development about this top before settling down to a norm and uniform development rate is recommended. While the nations attempt to arrive at the necessary GDP for a created country at the most punctual, they additionally might want to take the briefest conceivable course to this fast development. Three essential components have been distinguished by business analysts that impact financial development. These are the capital, work and the mechanical advancement. Capital imbuement has been a significant supporter of development in industry and the general monetary development of the nation or society. This has occurred in Europe during the modern insurgency just as in US when it changed gears with huge speculations to outperform the European countries in the initial fifty years of the twentieth century. The capital venture that the nations could activate will turn into a need in the beginning times of monetary development especially, when the nation is attempting to arrive at the exhibition levels of the other created nations. This isn't a time of advancement yet a time of imitating different's efficiencies. This is important to guarantee that the nation doesn't linger behind the other to an extreme. Impact of capital is very notable in the financial development of a nation. This has been over and over demonstrated by the Russians and by the Japanese and now by the Chinese. The Chinese the travel industry has taken in remote speculations and money to such a degree, that today China is in the best five visitor goals on the planet. This has been made conceivable generally by the capital ventures that have been siphoned into the nation both by Chinese business visionaries just as by outside direct financial specialists. Also, capital speculations from the US assumed a significant job in the underlying development in Japan. This was rehashed in Singapore and in other Eastern economies as much similarly as with the Russian and Eastern coalition nations in Europe. There was a huge capital inflow into these nations which led the development in these nations. This is in accordance with both Paul Krugman's view just as that of the old style market analysts pushing Solow Model. In accordan ce with the model, the nations in the East Asia showed quick and more than typical development in their financial structure because of the unexpected inundation of capital. Work Work is the other significant supporter of creation. Creation or yield per laborer is improved by capital. In any case, creation itself is acquired by work in relationship with capital. Work has the job of expanding the creation utilizing the contributed capital. This has occurred in Russia as called attention to by Paul Krugman when enormous scope development of work was completed from the towns to the creation communities. This brought about a huge development rate that was confused by the media as a proceeding with marvel. Work would build the creation straightforwardly. Nonetheless, incompetent or work that doesn't amplify creation

Types of Carbon Sequestration

Presentation The world is experiencing impacts of ecological harm; as individuals abuse normal assets, the earth is harmed. Other than overexploiting or abusing indigenous habitat, people and organizations are arranging their losses in properly coming about to additionally harm to the environment.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Types of Carbon Sequestration explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Environment conservers have upheld for various strategies for securing the earth and reestablishing its regular structure; the methodology utilized incorporate utilization of shows and conventions that prescribe and submit nations to stand to the proposals. The impacts of ozone harming substance (GHG) outflows were noted in mid twentieth century, the acknowledgment came about to the marking of Kyoto Protocol by 37 industrialized nations and the European people group. One technique that has been upheld for to decrease the impacts of ozone depleting s ubstances, especially carbon dioxide, is carbon sequestration (Baker, 2006). This paper plates carbon sequestration comparable to its ecological effect and its capability to determine natural issues. Carbon sequestration According to Wilson and Gerard in their book called â€Å"Carbon Capture and Sequestration,† carbon sequestration alludes to geo-designing procedure through which carbon dioxide is expelled from the climate and stored into a repository. In lay-man’s language it is the procedure through which carbon dioxide in the environment is expelled to tidy up the air at that point utilized for other monetary exercises. Other than expelling carbon dioxide from the environment, the carbon sequestration participates in catching, stockpiling and upgrading characteristic biogeochemical cycling of carbon. In whichever the methodology taken, carbon sequestration targets cleaning the climate that the perfect measure of carbon remain (Ernesto Zedillo, 2008). At the point w hen carbon has been controlled, the world environmental difficulties from a dangerous atmospheric devation or climatic changes are controlled; carbon sequestration has been delegated as the best technique through which countries and the world as a rule can slow the air and marine gathering of ozone depleting substances, which are discharged by copying petroleum products. The procedures of carbon sequestration can be partitioned into three fundamental courses through which they occur as substance process, organic, and physical sequestration (Faust, 2008). Organic carbon sequestration When embracing bio-sequestration, the procedure includes having normal items that can utilize carbon dioxide noticeable all around or ones that can store the gas; the procedure includes the capacity of carbon in backwoods, soils, marshes, in sea biological systems, among other characteristic clients of carbon dioxide.Advertising Looking for explore paper on natural examinations? How about we check whethe r we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The move approaches decrease of carbon dioxide in two fundamental methodologies; reestablishing the regular type of the earth and receiving creation systems that doesn't hurt nature. People have been accused of harming the eco-framework, through procedures like corrupting soils, chopping down timberlands, contaminating and acidifying the sea, when the biological system has been harmed, the impact is a world with flighty climatic conditions and a worldwide temperature alteration is genuine. With carbon sequestration, domestics and mechanical clients of ecological items are urged not to harm the environment; they are encouraged to utilize best assets the executives approach which incorporates utilizing natural composts rather than counterfeit ones (Faust, 2008). When utilizing expanded natural contributions to cultivate soils, and low-culturing cultivating frameworks the horticultural area is battling the impacts or th e development of a worldwide temperature alteration. Other than diminishing the impacts of a worldwide temperature alteration, it has been demonstrated that natural cultivating is progressively efficient and prompts higher produce. In seas, the seas are treated, again utilizing regular manures normally alluded as natural composts, to develop sea plants like green growth. The methodology of bio-sequestration targets improving the normal biological system tasks; plants for the most part use carbon dioxide to make their own food, in this manner when they have been expanded, the use of carbon will be higher coming about to a perfect situation. An article in Science Journal 2004 expressed â€Å"As well as improving food security, carbon sequestration [in soils] can possibly balance non-renewable energy source emanations by 0.4 to 1.2 gigatons of carbon every year, or 5 to 15% of the worldwide non-renewable energy source emissions† (Chiras, 2009). The graph beneath shows how woods or plants can control carbon dioxide in the climate: Chart 1 Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Types of Carbon Sequestration explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Physical sequestration Physical sequestration is likewise alluded to as Geological Sequestration or underground carbon infusion; under the environment cleansing strategy, carbon dioxide is put away in underground repositories and in sea bodies. The territories that the carbon delivered in various creation places goes to remember profound for the sea, layers of permeable stone that are soaked with salt water regularly called saline arrangements, and exhausted oil and gas stores. The conviction is that these zones had the option to contain hydrocarbons for many years subsequently they have the ability of containing carbon dioxide for such long occasions. When utilizing the methodology, center moves around diverting carbon created in various creation procedures to territories that it won't influence current age (Oberthã ¼r Ott,1999). At the point when the above methodology has been embraced, the principle worry of the clients is to guarantee that the pace of carbon emanation in the environment is diminished. With decreased climatic grouping of carbon, the air is perfect for better living. With clean condition, issues like an Earth-wide temperature boost and changing climatic conditions becomes issues of the past. Concoction carbon sequestration When utilizing compound carbon sequestration, it includes receiving some substance response that can help to expel carbon dioxide from the environment and placing it in great use. Synthetic responses can be utilized to tap carbon in CO2 structure to make stable carbonate mineral structures that can be utilized for mechanical utilize or are less unsafe to the earth; the procedure in substance terms is called carbon sequestration by mineral-carbonation or mineral sequestration. Indigenous habitat contains assets in an un- misused way; this offers people the chance to abuse them and provide food for their requirements; the test confronting the world is over misuse of the assets. The pace of adequacy that present age receives decides if the world will have the option to take care of its populace and influences improvements of present and people in the future; with the acknowledgment of need to take care of current age and future ones, practical advancement natural administration approach was created. Feasible improvement is a misuse design that advocates for ideal assets usage by current age without constraining the level at which people in the future will meet theirs. As per the technique for misuse, assets are delegated modest and non-expendable; current age ought to nearly target safeguarding the modest resources.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on ecological examinations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It is moral and ethically upstanding to deliver ones items yet doesn't confine the rate at which someone else will create his; with carbon sequestration current age is guaranteeing that they have made their creation however not influenced atmosphere designs or encouraged an Earth-wide temperature boost. The group of people yet to come will discover the environment saline for their exercises and their climatic examples will be unsurprising for continued turn of events. A portion of the assets that nature has given to individuals incorporate atmosphere, minerals, ripe soils, water, creatures, air, wind and climate among others; these assets are at the danger of being harmed by uncontrolled carbon in the air, with carbon sequestration such impacts will be diminished. While misusing assets in a manageable way, it includes utilization of innovation and taking measures to guarantee that proficiency is maintained. Other than dealing with group of people yet to come, maintainable advancement hypothesis targets meeting current ages needs; when the degree of carbon has been controlled utilizing carbon sequestration strategies, individuals can win a nice living where they can take care of themselves satisfactorily (Chiras, 2009). As indicated by IISD and ICTSD article on feasible improvement the present world ecological harm has come about because of human exercises and activities; be that as it may if the age has the will, they can attempt their exercises and not limit the level at which group of people yet to come will embrace theirs. As indicated by the article, the assorted variety that various nations have on the assets has improved worldwide exchange. Over misuse and abuse of these regular sources have added to ecological harm, individuals are using accessible assets at a quick rate than they the nature can reestablish them. With carbon sequestration, the environment will be upgraded that nature will reestablish its characteristic structure. Practical improvement hy pothesis advocators are of the conclusion that administrations and universal bodies have a fundamental task to carry out to create maintainable formative measures; this should be possible through creating approaches and instrument to preserve nature. Condition preservation is of worldwide concern where joint effort of all gatherings included is required to save and reestablish the environm

Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Print Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 31, 2019 yipchoonwai/Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Compulsions are a key symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). At one time or another, weve certainly all double-checked that we locked the front door, knocked on wood to ward off disaster, or adjusted a picture a couple of times until it was hanging perfectly. While most people go about their daily lives without giving these experiences a second thought, if you have OCD,  compulsions such as these can take over your life and become a source of disability. What Are Compulsions? Behaviors that you repeat over and over again are compulsions. You might repeatedly check to make sure that the front door is locked or that the stove is turned off. These are behaviors that you feel you must carry out over and over, often for hours on end. For example, if you are obsessed with contamination, you might wash your hands over and over again. Other common types of compulsions include cleaning, counting, checking, requesting or demanding reassurance, repeating phrases or sequences of words, and ensuring order and symmetry. The 5 Types of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsions Are Debilitating and Unrealistic Solutions Compulsions are aimed at getting rid of your anxiety or to try to stop a situation that you are afraid of from happening, such as the death of a loved one. Of course, compulsions are often unrealistic solutions to the problems they are supposed to prevent. For example, it is unlikely, if not impossible, that folding laundry in a particular way or counting up to a particular number could ever prevent the death of a loved one. If you have OCD, you usually have insight into the fact that the compulsion has little to do with the actual event, but feel an intense need to carry out the compulsion anyway. Compulsions are usually so debilitating that you have difficulty keeping up at work or maintaining personal relationships. In addition, although any intimate relationship has its ups and downs, dating someone with OCD who has severe and unmanaged compulsions can present some additional challenges. Compulsions and OCD Spectrum Disorders There are a number of other disorders that, while not technically meeting the DSM diagnostic criteria for OCD, have very similar symptoms and fall within the so-called OCD spectrum. This spectrum captures different clusters of symptoms that are reminiscent of, but not exactly the same as, OCD. Often, but not always, the only difference between OCD and a given OCD spectrum disorder is the specific focus of the obsessions and/or compulsions.  For example, people with pathologic skin picking feel compelled to pick or dig at their skin to remove small irregularities such as moles or freckles.   The Most Common Symptoms of OCD Treatment of Compulsions Compulsions are treated effectively with medication and/or psychotherapy. Medical treatment of OCD has focused on drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Well-known SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), and Paxil (paroxetine). Anafranil (clomipramine), a tricyclic antidepressant, also may be used to treat OCD. Psychological therapies are effective treatments for reducing the frequency and intensity of symptoms of OCD. Effective psychological treatments for OCD emphasize changes in behavior and/or thoughts. When appropriate, psychotherapy can be done alone or combined with medication. The two main types of psychological therapies for OCD are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP). ERP is particularly effective for treatment of compulsions. How OCD Can Cause Different Cognitive Distortions

The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini - 1599 Words

People are different in many ways. Ranging from colour of their skin to their ethnic backgrounds. How society copes with these differences is what defines prejudice and discrimination. Racism, social class and ethnicity have become a never ending cycle that begins to shape the opinions of how people treat one another. The novel The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini revolves around a society constructed around two socially diverse ethnic groups the Pashtuns who practice Sunni Islam and the Hazaras who follow Shia Islam. Throughout the novel The Kite Runner, a variety of characters have made decisions that affect the overall outcome of the novel which base around ethnicity, race and social class. It seems like everywhere, Amir, the protagonist, looks society seems into two parts. From his childhood in Kabul ,Afghanistan, to living in America, there has been an invisible border restricting two parties from establishing into one. The disparity between social classes is evident in The Kite Runner between Amir and Hassan. Amir is a Pashtun, with a higher status and his servant , Hassan, is a Hazara. Hazaras are looked down upon due to their differences in appearance and beliefs. They are racially and socially inferior. If there was a Hazara residing in Kabul, the rumour was that he was either a beggar, servant or even both. The dreadful social division between the two groups led to the Pashtuns gaining higher social rankings than the Hazaras and were able to receiveShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini883 Words   |  4 Pagesregret from past encounters and usually feel guilty and bitter about the situation. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, revolves around th e theme of redemption. Redemption can be used as a cure for guilt. Throughout the novel, the author shows that redemption requires some sort of sacrifice and the only way that is possible is if you can forgive yourself from the mistakes you have made in the past. Khaled Hosseini effectively portrays redemption through motifs such as rape, irony and flashbacks, symbolismRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1651 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† by Khaled Hosseini describes the life of a boy, Amir. Amir’s best friend and brother (although that part isn’t known until towards the end), Hassan, plays a major role in Amir’s life and how he grows up. Hosseini portrays many sacrifices that are made by Hassan and Amir. Additionally, Amir seeks redemption throughout much of the novel. By using first person point of view, readers are able to connect with Amir and understand his pain and yearning for a way to be redeemedRead M oreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1655 Words   |  7 PagesSarah Singer Major Works Data Form Title: The Kite Runner Author: Khaled Hosseini Date of Publication: 2003 Genre: Historical Fiction Historical information about the period of publication: Since the September 11th attacks in 2001, the United States has been at war with Afghanistan. Their goals were to remove the Taliban, track down those in charge of the attacks, and destroy Al-Qaeda. Biographical information about the author: Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 1965. HIs motherRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1098 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, we learn a lot about Amir the main character, and Hassan his servant/brother. In the beginning Hassan and Amir’s relationship was one of brotherly love despite the fact that Hassan was a Hazara and Amir a Pashtun. Back in the 1970’s race and religion played a big part in Kabul and these two races were not suppose to have relationships unless it was owner (Pashtun) and servant (Hazara). Baba Amir’s father had an affair with Hassan’s mother, but it was kept aRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1313 Words   |  5 Pagesis not unique to just J.K. Rowling. Khaled Hosseini also incorporates life experiences into some of his novels. A prime example of this is The Kite Runner. The storyline of this novel reflects his past to create a journey of a young Afghanistan boy, whose name is Amir. This boy changes drastically throughout his lifetime from a close minded, considerably arrogant boy to an open hearted and minded man. This emotional and mental trip is partially based on Khaled Hosseini’s own life. Throughout Hosseini’sRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1908 Words   |  8 Pages​In the novel, â€Å"The Kite Runner†, written by Khaled Hosseini, was taken place in Afghanistan during the 1970’s to the year of 2002. Many historical events happened during this time period and Hosseini portrayed it into his novel. Kabul, the capitol of Afghanistan, was a free, living area for many Afghanistan families to enjoy the life they were given. Until one day, Afghanistan was then taken over and attacked. In the novel, Amir, the protagonist, must redeem himself and the history behind his actionsRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1050 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"There is a way to be good again.† (Hosseini 334). This quote given by Rahim Khan to Amir holds a great amount of force and symbolism. In theory, this quote symbolizes the beginning of Amir’s path to redemption. The eye-opening Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini tells about the struggles of Afghanistan before and during the Taliban, and one’s struggle for redemption and acceptance. With regards to the opening quote, some see Amir’s actions as selfish. However, others may believe that Amir truly changedRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1583 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel the Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Amir, the main character, shares his thoughts and actions due to his poor decisions. The problems he encountered were all because of the sin committed in his youth. His sins taunted the beginning of his life and gave him a troublesome memory full of guilt. As the novel continued, Amir attempted to disengage the memory of his sin and forget about it. Amir then faced the long bumpy road to redemption. Khaled Hosseini’s novel the Kite Runner is about sinRead MoreThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini871 Words   |  4 Pagesthat person is trying to fix that mistake. This also applies to the novel The Kite Runner. The story revolves around the main character Amir, and his childhood friend, Hassan. After Amir came to America with Baba, his father, he still regrets the things he had done to his childhood friend. He left Hassan getting raped by Assef in a small alley in 1975. Thereafter, Amir always feel regret and seeks for redemption. Hosseini -the author, argues that redemption can be achieved by helping others, teachRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini3402 Words   |  14 Pagestitle â€Å"The Kite Runner† is symbolic as fighting kites and the kite runnings are impacting moments in the novel. Hassan was the best kite runner in Kabul, if not the whole country, after Amir won the kite fighting the running of that last blue kite triggered the monumental changes for Amir. For the beginning of the story the kite running was associated with Hassan’s rape and Amir’s grief. As kites appear throughout the story, they begin Amir’s story and also end it. Amir flying the kite with Sohrab

Questions On The Assessment Of Counseling Essay - 1229 Words

OQ-45.2 Outcome Questionnaire Counseling, just like most healthcare fields, is increasingly susceptible to accountability for not only effectiveness, but ever also for funding. Whiston (2013) states, â€Å"counseling has entered a time when many stakeholders are interested in accountability information. For example, many insurance companies want data that documents that individuals do indeed get better form the services provided in a counseling agency,† (p. 294). With a great push for brief treatment options, and growing continued-stay evaluations, it is important that counselors utilize not only strong screening assessments, but also outcome assessments, to document their clients’ growth and progress. Furthermore, from an ethical and professional view, it is important for counselors themselves to have information that their treatment approaches are working. The OQ-45.2 Outcome Questionnaire is exactly that – an outcome questionnaire. However, the OQ-45.2 has other uses as well, including initial screening assessments and ongoing evaluations. This paper will investigate the OQ-45.2 use with a specific client population. It will also demonstrate how to explain and incorporate clients within the assessment process itself. Finally, it will discuss benefits and limitations of the assessment model. OQ-45.2 Use with Clients The OQ-45.2 has a significant amount of uses with targeted populations, far more than simply an outcome assessment. Hanson (2014) stated, â€Å"The OQ(c) may beShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of John And Carmen Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesUNIT 9: The Case of John and Carmen The case being presented is John and Carmen. The two of the are getting married and have reached our for premarital counseling to help with some current issues regarding to their in laws meddling into their relationship which is caused a strain between the two of them. John has come from an upper middle class African American family. John’s parents are not pleased that John is not going to be readily available to his brother and cousins. John’s parents contributedRead MorePurpose Of Needs Assessment Of School Counseling Programs1713 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose of Needs Assessments School counselors use data to, â€Å"identify school counseling program goals; monitor student progress to close the achievement gap; assess and evaluate programs; demonstrate school counseling program effectiveness (Young, 2013).† The purpose of assessments are to identify and plan school counseling programs that align with the mission of schools. School counselors assist students individually to help with academic, personal/social or career concerns. One helps studentRead MoreThe Recovery Attitude And Treatment Evaluator Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesreal need to consistently evaluate counseling effectiveness in a continuously and ongoing basis. The Recovery Attitude and Treatment Evaluator (RAATE) is one such assessment; it provides counselors the ability to measure several key factors involved in their treatment. This paper will address the population best served by the RAATE, and the details concerning its details and implementations. It will address the reliability and validity surrounding the RAATE assessment. Lastly, it will explore the benefitsRead MoreA Multicultural Self Assessment That I1055 Words   |  5 Pagesmulticultural self-assessment that I took. I will describe a time in which I felt â€Å"other†. I will then proceed to explain my personal feelings regarding each. I will discuss a course of action I plan to take as a result of the multicultural assessment. I will develop a counseling identity statement. Finally, I will explain why multicultural awareness and cultural competency are important in the field of counseling. Multicultural Self-Assessment Taking the multicultural self-assessment provided me withRead MoreThe Importance Of Marriage Preparation And Premarital Counseling Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The importance of marriage preparation and premarital counseling has increased in the United States as the divorce rate continues to remain high.† (Larson et. al., 2002 p.233) Marital dysfunction and dissatisfaction are among the top reasons couples have sought out divorce. With the rate of divorce rising, it poses a question what marriage and family therapists can do to help lower the divorce rates and help couples develop healthier relationships. †¨ Premarital prevention programs were implementedRead MoreAssessment Report On Health Issues With Patients And Or Clients Provide Opportunities For Counselors Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesprovide an assessment report in relation to the various assessment tools, interviews, conclusions, diagnosis, and treatment plans that are specifically relevant for a high school senior. The paper will further examine the utilization of these assessment tools and results for the purpose of appropriate diagnosis and treatment. It will also emphasize the selection, interpretation, and communication of psychological test results and highlights the basic principles of the formal assessments taken. FurthermoreRead MoreEvaluation Of A Comprehensive Assessment Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesSawyer: A Comprehensive Assessment Assessment is an integral part of the counseling process. It is not only vital to the gathering of information about a client in various areas, but through effective use, it can also enhance the therapeutic alliance. As the ACA Code of Ethics (2014) states in their very first code, Code A.1.a, â€Å"the primary responsibility of counselors is to respect the dignity and promote the welfare of clients,† (p. 3). The proper utilization of assessment techniques is a tool forRead MoreHope-Focused Marriage Counseling1337 Words   |  6 PagesHope-Focused Marriage Counseling In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Pre-Marital Counseling (PACO 610) February 18, 2010 Summary Worthington has an approach that is dependent largely on the empathizing of the counselor rather than the willingness of the involved (xiii). The essentials of this approach are the couples’ willingness to be expressive in their affection only while continually being reserved in reactions to provocations. Apparently, there is a chemicalRead MoreClient Scenario : Crime And Alcohol Counseling Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagescome to drug and alcohol counseling as a result of a probation requirement. Anthony, a 31-year-old African American male, was arrested and charged with possession of cocaine with the intent to deliver. During his incarceration, he admitted to daily use of cocaine, as well as heavy drinking. As a result, Anthony participated in drug rehabilitation programs while incarcerated. Furthermore, upon his release, his probation officer ordered him to complete drug and alcohol counseling as a stipulation of probationRead MoreMeasuring Counselors For An Organization Tha t Provides Marriage And Family Counseling1337 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1: Measuring Counselor Competencies: You are setting up an assessment center to measure the competencies of current or potential counselors for an organization that provides marriage and family counseling for a population that consists primarily of immigrants and people with low-incomes. What types of assessments might you use? What competencies would you be looking for? An agency that provides marriage and family counseling will need all counselors to participate in assessments to help

The Host Chapter 17 Visited Free Essays

string(159) " person would be invisible as long as they could hold their breath†¦ I hurried through the slender crack at the back of the room to escape my imaginings\." The heat hit me first-like a wall of steam, the moist, thick air rolled over me and dewed on my skin. My mouth opened automatically as I tried to pull a breath from the abruptly denser air. The smell was stronger than before-that same metallic tang that clung in my throat and flavored the water here. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 17: Visited or any similar topic only for you Order Now The murmuring babble of bass and soprano voices seemed to issue from every side, echoing off the walls. I squinted anxiously through the swirling cloud of moisture, trying to make out where the voices came from. It was bright here-the ceiling was dazzling, like in the big room but much closer. The light danced off the vapor, creating a shimmering curtain that almost blinded me. My eyes struggled to adjust, and I clutched at Jeb’s hand in panic. I was surprised that the strangely fluid babble did not respond in any way to our entrance. Perhaps they couldn’t see us yet, either. â€Å"It’s a bit close in here,† Jeb said apologetically, fanning at the steam in front of his face. His voice was relaxed, conversational in tone, and loud enough to make me jump. He spoke as if we were not surrounded. And the babble continued, oblivious to his voice. â€Å"Not that I’m complaining,† he continued. â€Å"I’d be dead several times over if this place didn’t exist. The very first time I got stuck in the caves, of course. And now, we’d never be able to hide out here without it. With no hiding place, we’re all dead, right?† He nudged me with his elbow, a conspiratorial gesture. â€Å"Mighty convenient, how it’s laid out. Couldn’t have planned it much better if I’d sculpted it myself out of play dough.† His laugh cleared a section of mist, and I saw the room for the first time. Two rivers flowed through the dank, high-domed space. This was the chatter that filled my ears-the water gushing over and under the purple volcanic rock. Jeb spoke as if we were alone because we were. It was really only one river and one small stream. The stream was closest; a shallow braided ribbon of silver in the light from above, coursing between low stone banks that it seemed constantly in danger of overrunning. A feminine, high-pitched murmur purred from its gentle ripples. The male, bass gurgle came from the river, as did the thick clouds of vapor that rose from the gaping holes in the ground by the far wall. The river was black, submerged under the floor of the cavern, exposed by wide, round erosions along the length of the room. The holes looked dark and dangerous, the river barely visible as it rushed powerfully toward an invisible and unfathomable destination. The water seemed to simmer, such was the heat and steam it produced. The sound of it, too, was like that of boiling water. From the ceiling hung a few long, narrow stalactites, dripping toward the stalagmites beneath each one. Three of them had met, forming thin black pillars between the two bodies of flowing water. â€Å"Got to be careful in here,† Jeb said. â€Å"Quite a current in the hot spring. If you fall in, you’re gone. Happened once before.† He bowed his head at the memory, his face sober. The swift black eddies of the subterranean river were suddenly horrible to me. I imagined being caught in their scalding current and shuddered. Jeb put his hand lightly on my shoulder. â€Å"Don’t worry. Just watch your step and you’ll be fine. Now,† he said, pointing to the far end of the cavern, where the shallow stream ran into a dark cave, â€Å"the first cave back there is the bathing room. We’ve dug the floor out to make a nice, deep tub. There’s a schedule for taking baths, but privacy’s not usually an issue-it’s black as pitch. The room’s nice and warm so close to the steam, but the water won’t burn you like the hot spring here. There’s another cave just past that one, through a crevice. We’ve widened the entrance up to a comfortable size. That room is the farthest we can follow the stream-it drops underground there. So we’ve got that room fixed up as the latrine. Convenient and sanitary.† His voice had assumed a complacent tone, as if he felt credit was due to him for nature’s creations. Well, he had discovered and impr oved the place-I supposed some pride was justified. â€Å"We don’t like to waste batteries, and most of us know the floor here by heart, but since it’s your first time, you can find your way with this.† Jeb pulled a flashlight from his pocket and held it out. The sight of it reminded me of the moment he’d found me dying in the desert, when he’d checked my eyes and known what I was. I didn’t know why the memory made me sad. â€Å"Don’t get any crazy ideas about maybe the river taking you out of here or something. Once that water goes underground, it doesn’t come back up,† he cautioned me. Since he seemed to be waiting for some acknowledgment of his warning, I nodded once. I took the flashlight from his hand slowly, being careful not to make any quick movements that might startle him. He smiled in encouragement. I followed his directions quickly-the sound of the rushing water was not making my discomfort any easier to bear. It felt very strange to be out of his sight. What if someone had hidden in these caves, guessing I would have to come here eventually? Would Jeb hear the struggle over the cacophony of the rivers? I shone the flashlight all around the bathing room, looking for any sign of an ambush. The odd flickering shadows it made were not comforting, but I found no substance to my fears. Jeb’s tub was more the size of a small swimming pool and black as ink. Under the surface, a person would be invisible as long as they could hold their breath†¦ I hurried through the slender crack at the back of the room to escape my imaginings. You read "The Host Chapter 17: Visited" in category "Essay examples" Away from Jeb, I was nearly overwhelmed with panic-I couldn’t breathe normally; I could barely hear over the sound of my pulse racing behind my ears. I was more running than walking when I made my way back to the room with the rivers. To find Jeb standing there, still in the same pose, still alone, was like a balm to my splintered nerves. My breathing and my heartbeat slowed. Why this crazy human should be such a comfort to me, I couldn’t understand. I supposed it was like Melanie had said, desperate times. â€Å"Not too shabby, eh?† he asked, a grin of pride on his face. I nodded once again and returned the flashlight. â€Å"These caves are a great gift,† he said as we started back toward the dark passageway. â€Å"We wouldn’t be able to survive in a group like this without them. Magnolia and Sharon were getting along real well-shockingly well-up there in Chicago, but they were pushing their luck hiding two. It’s mighty nice to have a community again. Makes me feel downright human.† He took my elbow once more as we climbed the rough stair-case out. â€Å"I’m sorry about the, um, accommodations we’ve got you in. It was the safest place I could think of. I’m surprised those boys found you as quick as they did.† Jeb sighed. â€Å"Well, Kyle gets real†¦ motivated. But I suppose it’s all for the best. Might as well get used to how things are going to be. Maybe we can find something more hospitable for you. I’ll think on it†¦ While I’m with you, at least, you don’t really have to cram yourself into that little hole. You can sit in the hall with me if you prefer. Though with Jared†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He trailed off. I listened to his apologetic words in wonder; this was so much more kindness than I’d hoped for, more compassion than I’d thought this species was capable of giving their enemies. I patted the hand on my elbow lightly, hesitantly, trying to convey that I understood and wouldn’t cause a problem. I was sure Jared much preferred to have me out of sight. Jeb had no trouble translating my wordless communication. â€Å"That’s a good girl,† he said. â€Å"We’ll figure this all out somehow. Doc can just concentrate on healin’ human folks. You’re much more interesting alive, I think.† Our bodies were close enough that he was able to feel me tremble. â€Å"Don’t worry. Doc’s not going to bother you now.† I couldn’t stop shivering. Jeb could only promise me now. There was no guarantee that Jared would not decide my secret was more important than protecting Melanie’s body. I knew that such a fate would make me wish Ian had succeeded last night. I swallowed, feeling the bruising that seemed to go all the way through my neck to the inside walls of my throat. You never know how much time you’ll have, Melanie had said so many days ago, when my world was still under control. Her words echoed in my head as we reentered the big room, the main plaza of Jeb’s human community. It was full, like the first night, everyone there to glare at us with eyes that blazed anger and betrayal when they looked at him and murder when they looked at me. I kept my gaze down on the rock under my feet. From the corner of my eye, I could see that Jeb held his gun ready again. It was only a matter of time, indeed. I could feel it in the atmosphere of hate and fear. Jeb could not protect me long. It was a relief to scrape back through the narrow crevice, to look forward to the winding black labyrinth and my cramped hiding place; I could hope to be alone there. Behind me, a furious hissing, like a nest of goaded snakes, echoed in the big cavern. The sound made me wish Jeb would lead me through the labyrinth at a quicker pace. Jeb chuckled under his breath. He seemed to get stranger the longer I was around him. His sense of humor mystified me as much as his motivations did. â€Å"It gets a bit tedious down here sometimes, you know,† he murmured to me, or to himself. With Jeb, it was hard to tell. â€Å"Maybe when they get over being cheesed off at me, they’ll realize they appreciate all the excitement I’m providing.† Our path through the dark twisted in a serpentine fashion. It didn’t feel at all familiar. Perhaps he took a different route to keep me lost. It seemed to take more time than before, but finally I could see the dim blue light of the lamp shining from around the next curve. I braced myself, wondering if Jared would be there again. If he was, I knew he would be angry. I was sure he wouldn’t approve of Jeb taking me for a field trip, no matter how necessary it might have been. As soon as we rounded the corner, I could see that there was a figure slumped against the wall beside the lamp, casting a long shadow toward us, but it was obviously not Jared. My hand clutched at Jeb’s arm, an automatic spasm of fear. And then I really looked at the waiting figure. It was smaller than me-that was how I’d known it was not Jared-and thin. Small, but also too tall and too wiry. Even in the dim light of the blue lamp, I could see that his skin was dyed to a deep brown by the sun, and that his silky black hair now fell unkempt past his chin. My knees buckled. My hand, grasping Jeb’s arm in panic, held on for support. â€Å"Well, for Pete’s sake!† Jeb exclaimed, obviously irritated. â€Å"Can’t nobody keep a secret around this place for more’n twenty-four hours? Gol’ durn, this burns me up! Bunch of gossipmongers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He trailed off into a grumble. I didn’t even try to understand the words Jeb was saying; I was locked in the fiercest battle of my life-of every life I’d ever lived. I could feel Melanie in each cell of my body. My nerve endings tingled in recognition of her familiar presence. My muscles twitched in anticipation of her direction. My lips trembled, trying to open. I leaned forward toward the boy in the hall, my body reaching because my arms would not. Melanie had learned many things the few times I’d ceded or lost my command to her, and I truly had to struggle against her-so hard that fresh sweat beaded on my brow. But I was not dying in the desert now. Nor was I weak and dizzy and taken off guard by the appearance of someone I’d given up for lost; I’d known this moment might come. My body was resilient, quick to heal-I was strong again. The strength of my body gave strength to my control, to my determination. I drove her from my limbs, chased her from every hold she’d found, thrust her back into the recesses of my mind, and chained her there. Her surrender was sudden and total. Aaah, she sighed, and it was almost a moan of pain. I felt strangely guilty as soon as I’d won. I’d already known that she was more to me than a resistant host who made life unnecessarily difficult. We’d become companions, even confidantes during our past weeks together-ever since the Seeker had united us against a common enemy. In the desert, with Kyle’s knife over my head, I’d been glad that if I had to die I would not be the one to kill Melanie; even then, she was more than a body to me. But now it seemed like something beyond that. I regretted causing her pain. It was necessary, though, and she didn’t seem to grasp that. Any word we said wrong, any poorly considered action would mean a quick execution. Her reactions were too wild and emotional. She would get us into trouble. You have to trust me now, I told her. I’m just trying to keep us alive. I know you don’t want to believe your humans could hurt us†¦ But it’s Jamie, she whispered. She yearned for the boy with an emotion so strong that it weakened my knees again. I tried to look at him impartially-this sullen-faced teenager slumped against the tunnel wall with his arms folded tightly across his chest. I tried to see him as a stranger and plan my response, or lack of response, accordingly. I tried, but I failed. He was Jamie, he was beautiful, and my arms-mine, not Melanie’s-longed to hold him. Tears filled my eyes and trickled down my face. I could only hope they were invisible in the dim light. â€Å"Jeb,† Jamie said-a gruff greeting. His eyes passed swiftly over me and away. His voice was so deep! Could he really be so old? I realized with a double pang of guilt that I’d just missed his fourteenth birthday. Melanie showed me the day, and I saw that it was the same day as the first dream with Jamie. She’d struggled so hard all through the waking hours to keep her pain to herself, to cloud her memories in order to protect the boy, that he’d come out in her dream. And I’d e-mailed the Seeker. I shuddered now in disbelief that I’d ever been so callous. â€Å"Whatcha doing here, kid?† Jeb demanded. â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me?† Jamie demanded back. Jeb went silent. â€Å"Was that Jared’s idea?† Jamie pressed. Jeb sighed. â€Å"Okay, so you know. What good does that do you, eh? We only wanted to -â€Å" â€Å"To protect me?† he interrupted, surly. When did he get so bitter? Was it my fault? Of course it was. Melanie began sobbing in my head. It was distracting, loud-it made Jeb and Jamie’s voices sound farther away. â€Å"Fine, Jamie. So you don’t need protecting. What do you want?† This quick capitulation seemed to throw Jamie off. His eyes darted between Jeb’s face and mine while he struggled to come up with a request. â€Å"I-I want to talk with her†¦ with it,† he finally said. His voice was higher when he was unsure. â€Å"She doesn’t say much,† Jeb told him, â€Å"but you’re welcome to try, kid.† Jeb pried my fingers off his arm. When he was free, he turned his back to the nearest wall, leaning into it as he eased himself to the floor. He settled in there, fidgeting until he found a comfortable position. The gun stayed balanced in the cradle of his lap. Jeb’s head lolled back against the wall, and his eyes closed. In seconds, he looked like he was asleep. I stood where he’d left me, trying to keep my eyes off Jamie’s face and failing. Jamie was surprised again by Jeb’s easy acquiescence. He watched the old man recline on the floor with wide eyes that made him look younger. After a few minutes of perfect stillness from Jeb, Jamie looked back up at me, and his eyes tightened. The way he stared at me-angry, trying hard to be brave and grown-up, but also showing the fear and pain so clearly in his dark eyes-had Melanie sobbing louder and my knees shaking. Rather than take a chance with another collapse, I moved slowly to the tunnel wall across from Jeb and slid down to the floor. I curled up around my bent legs, trying to be as small as possible. Jamie watched me with cautious eyes and then took four slow steps forward until he stood over me. His glance flitted to Jeb, who hadn’t moved or opened his eyes, and then Jamie knelt down at my side. His face was suddenly intense, and it made him look more adult than any expression yet. My heart throbbed for the sad man in the little boy’s face. â€Å"You’re not Melanie,† he said in a low voice. It was harder not to speak to him because I was the one who wanted to speak. Instead, after a brief hesitation, I shook my head. â€Å"You’re inside her body, though.† Another pause, and I nodded. â€Å"What happened to your†¦ to her face?† I shrugged. I didn’t know what my face looked like, but I could imagine. â€Å"Who did this to you?† he pressed. With a hesitant finger, he almost touched the side of my neck. I held still, feeling no urge to cringe away from this hand. â€Å"Aunt Maggie, Jared, and Ian,† Jeb listed off in a bored voice. We both jumped at the sound. Jeb hadn’t moved, and his eyes were still closed. He looked so peaceful, as if he had answered Jamie’s question in his sleep. Jamie waited for a moment, then turned back to me with the same intense expression. â€Å"You’re not Melanie, but you know all her memories and stuff, right?† I nodded again. â€Å"Do you know who I am?† I tried to swallow the words, but they slipped through my lips. â€Å"You’re Jamie.† I couldn’t help how my voice wrapped around the name like a caress. He blinked, startled that I had broken my silence. Then he nodded. â€Å"Right,† he whispered back. We both looked at Jeb, who remained still, and back at each other. â€Å"Then you remember what happened to her?† he asked. I winced, and then nodded slowly. â€Å"I want to know,† he whispered. I shook my head. â€Å"I want to know,† Jamie repeated. His lips trembled. â€Å"I’m not a kid. Tell me.† â€Å"It’s not†¦ pleasant,† I breathed, unable to stop myself. It was very hard to deny this boy what he wanted. His straight black eyebrows pulled together and up in the middle over his wide eyes. â€Å"Please,† he whispered. I glanced at Jeb. I thought that maybe he was peeking from between his lashes now, but I couldn’t be sure. My voice was soft as breathing. â€Å"Someone saw her go into a place that was off-limits. They knew something was wrong. They called the Seekers.† He flinched at the title. â€Å"The Seekers tried to get her to surrender. She ran from them. When they had her cornered, she jumped into an open elevator shaft.† I recoiled from the memory of pain, and Jamie’s face went white under his tan. â€Å"She didn’t die?† he whispered. â€Å"No. We have very skilled Healers. They mended her quickly. Then they put me in her. They hoped I would be able to tell them how she had survived so long.† I had not meant to say so much; my mouth snapped shut. Jamie didn’t seem to notice my slip, but Jeb’s eyes opened slowly and fixed on my face. No other part of him moved, and Jamie didn’t see the change. â€Å"Why didn’t you let her die?† he asked. He had to swallow hard; a sob was threatening in his voice. This was all the more painful to hear because it was not the sound a child makes, frightened of the unknown, but the fully comprehending agony of an adult. It was so hard not to reach out and put my hand on his cheek. I wanted to hug him to me and beg him not to be sad. I curled my hands into fists and tried to concentrate on his question. Jeb’s eyes flickered to my hands and back to my face. â€Å"I wasn’t in on the decision,† I murmured. â€Å"I was still in a hibernation tank in deep space when that happened.† Jamie blinked again in surprise. My answer was nothing he’d expected, and I could see him struggling with some new emotion. I glanced at Jeb; his eyes were bright with curiosity. The same curiosity, though more wary, won out with Jamie. â€Å"Where were you coming from?† he asked. In spite of myself, I smiled at his unwilling interest. â€Å"Far away. Another planet.† â€Å"What was -† he started to ask, but he was interrupted by another question. â€Å"What the hell?† Jared shouted at us, frozen with fury in the act of rounding the corner at the end of the tunnel. â€Å"Damn it, Jeb! We agreed not to -â€Å" Jamie wrenched himself upright. â€Å"Jeb didn’t bring me here. But you should have.† Jeb sighed and got slowly to his feet. As he did so, the gun rolled from his lap onto the floor. It stopped only a few inches from me. I scooted away, uncomfortable. Jared had a different reaction. He lunged toward me, closing the length of the hallway in a few running strides. I cowered into the wall and covered my face with my arms. Peeking around my elbow, I watched him jerk the gun up from the floor. â€Å"Are you trying to get us killed?† he almost screamed at Jeb, shoving the gun into the old man’s chest. â€Å"Calm down, Jared,† Jeb said in a tired voice. He took the gun in one hand. â€Å"She wouldn’t touch this thing if I left it down here alone with her all night. Can’t you see that?† He stabbed the barrel of the gun toward me, and I cringed away. â€Å"She’s no Seeker, this one.† â€Å"Shut up, Jeb, just shut up!† â€Å"Leave him alone,† Jamie shouted. â€Å"He didn’t do anything wrong.† â€Å"You!† Jared shouted back, turning on the slim, angry figure. â€Å"You get out of here now, or so help me!† Jamie balled his fists and stood his ground. Jared’s fists came up, too. I was rooted in place with shock. How could they scream at each other this way? They were family, the bonds between them stronger than any blood tie. Jared wouldn’t hit Jamie-he couldn’t! I wanted to do something, but I didn’t know what to do. Anything that brought me to their attention would only make them angrier. For once, Melanie was calmer than I was. He can’t hurt Jamie, she thought confidently. It’s not possible. I looked at them, facing off like enemies, and panicked. We should never have come here. See how unhappy we’ve made them, I moaned. â€Å"You shouldn’t have tried to keep this a secret from me,† Jamie said between his teeth. â€Å"And you shouldn’t have hurt her.† One of his hands unclenched and flew out to point at my face. Jared spit on the floor. â€Å"That’s not Melanie. She’s never coming back, Jamie.† â€Å"That’s her face,† Jamie insisted. â€Å"And her neck. Don’t the bruises there bother you?† Jared dropped his hands. He closed his eyes and took a deep breath. â€Å"You will either leave right now, Jamie, and give me some space, or I will make you leave. I am not bluffing. I can’t deal with any more right now, okay? I’m at my limit. So can we please have this conversation later?† He opened his eyes again; they were full of pain. Jamie looked at him, and the anger drained slowly from his face. â€Å"Sorry,† he muttered after a moment. â€Å"I’ll go†¦ but I’m not promising that I won’t come back.† â€Å"I can’t think about that now. Go. Please.† Jamie shrugged. He threw one more searching look at me, and then he left, his quick, long stride making me ache again for the time I’d missed. Jared looked at Jeb. â€Å"You, too,† he said in a flat voice. Jeb rolled his eyes. â€Å"I don’t think you’ve had a long enough break, to be honest. I’ll keep an eye on -â€Å" â€Å"Go.† Jeb frowned thoughtfully. â€Å"Okay. Sure.† He started down the hall. â€Å"Jeb?† Jared called after him. â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"If I asked you to shoot it right now, would you do it?† Jeb kept walking slowly, not looking at us, but his words were clear. â€Å"I’d have to. I follow my own rules. So don’t ask me unless you really mean it.† He disappeared into the dark. Jared watched him go. Before he could turn his glower on me, I ducked into my uncomfortable sanctuary and curled up in the back corner. How to cite The Host Chapter 17: Visited, Essay examples

Pacific Model of Health Essay Example

Pacific Model of Health Paper Pacific Islanders health and wellbeing has a holistic approach involving spirituality and environment. As a result of these and other differences, pacific models have been developed. The Pacific people in New Zealand are represented by seven different countries which are Samoa, Cook Island, Tonga, Niue, Tokelau, Fiji and Tuvalu. This essay will describe one of the pacific health models, the Fonofale model, and will also discuss how this model can enhance nursing practice. Moreover, it will attempt to demonstrate the application of the Fonofale model to holistically assess the cultural and clinical needs of a Pacific client. Finally this essay will address the clients health concerns and resilient factors and one concern will be discussed in more detail, reflecting on how the clients cultural beliefs and practices impact on their current health status (Ministry of Health, 2009). The Fonofale model of health is a Samoan model that was created by a psychiatric nurse called Fuimaono Karl Pulotu Endemann. The model is a holistic concept and was developed to explain key features that Paci? c peoples consider important for maintaining good health which included family, culture and spirituality. The model arose after the Dawn raids of the 1970’s in where the Pacific community was a target and over stayers were sent back to the Islands (Manukau Institute of Technology, 2013). The concept of the Samoan fale or meeting house was a way to incorporate and portray a Pacific way of what was important to the cultural groups. In the Fonofale model, cultural values and beliefs are seen as a shelter (the roof) – this may include traditional methods of healing and western treatments. Family forms the foundation or the floor of the fale. This may be the nuclear and/or the extended family and is significant to ones health. We will write a custom essay sample on Pacific Model of Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pacific Model of Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pacific Model of Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Connecting culture and family are the four pou or posts. ‘Spirituality’ includes christianity, religion or traditional spirituality. The ‘Physical’ pou relates to the physical and biological well being of the person. ‘Mental’ relates to the health of the mind which involves thinking, emotions and expressed behaviours. The fourth pou ‘Other’ refers to factors that can directly or indirectly affect health, such as gender, age, social class, employment, education and sexual orientation. Surrounding the outside of the fale is environment, time and context. Environment addresses the relationships and uniqueness of Pacific people to their physical environment. Time relates to the actual or specific time in history that impacts on Pacific people and context relates to the meaning of health for that particular person (Manukau Institute of Technology, 2013). Pacific models like the Fonofale model is important to consider when providing nursing care to Pacific people to establish empathy and rapport between the client and nurse. It also helps to acknowledge cultural differences and to demonstrate respect and appreciation. By acknowledging the different components of the Fonofale model this will provide nurses the tools that are culturally appropriate and effective for Pacific peoples in order to improve and maintain their holistic health and well being (Ministry of Health, 2008). The Popao is a canoe that Pacific elders use for fishing and travelling – the Popao model is portrayed by the concept of relationship, connectedness and working together as a unity in which is fundamental to the health and well being of the Pacific people. Auckland has the largest Pacific population in the world. There is diversity within the Pacific Population living in Aotearoa. Each Paci? c nation has its own set of cultural beliefs, customs, languages, values and traditions. However, there are also differences within each Pacific community Therefore it is of great significance to understand the Pacific models as it can enhance nursing care (Ellis, 2007). As clinicians, an awareness of the context of where Pacific People have come from gives nurses advantage of how to approach nursing care for clients. By understanding the complexities of the Pacific population in this country, helps gives nurses a wider context in which Pacific worldview is applied and its influences. With these models, nurses practice will be enhanced by practicing in a culturally safe manner and cultural competency. Nurses should also carry out important values such as alofa (love), faaloalo (respect – foundation for good relationships), usitai (obedience), and faamaualalo (humility – not putting yourself above others) to name a few. The Va is a term defining space between. All relationships especially the one between the client and nurse are sacred. One can violate that Va (relationship) by practicing in a manner that is not client focussed. As nurses it is our duty to be culturally aware and sensitive in order to enhance nursing practice (Manukau Institute of Technology, 2013). The Fonofale model was used as an assessment tool to assess the chosen client nam ed Ana (pseudonym). With the permission of the preceptor accessing Anas notes was critical to gain insight to her scenario. Bridging the ‘Va’ and creating a meaningful relationship with Ana was important. This was carried out by visiting Ana three times prior to asking for consent to interview her, greeting Ana in her language (Tongan) and speaking some Tongan phrases. Active listening was also used and being non-judgemental. Therapeutic relationship was built with Ana by developing a sense of trust and rapport from her. Rapport is often increased by the use of humour, informality and simple language. In the beginning of the interview a prayer was said to sanctify and set apart the conversation that was about to be made. Also prior to assessing Ana, I also shared some information about myself and some significant events in my life which also contributed to bridging the ‘Va’ between Ana and me (Culbertson, 2007). Ana is a 26 year old Tongan lady who was born in New Zealand and lives with her parents. Her parents migrated from Tonga in the 1980s to New Zealand for economic reasons and hoping to raise their children with better education. Ana has no other siblings but her extended family are very much involved in her life. Ana attended church but was not involved in church activities. She also had successfully completed one year in business studies and had started her second year of study. According to Anas clinical notes she was physically in good health, having no medical problems of any type. The Tongan culture including beliefs, values and traditions play an important part of Anas health and wellbeing. Ofa (Love), tokai (respect), talangofua (obedience) and fakatokilalo (humility) which is making ones self lower than others, are some of the values that are significant in the Tongan culture ( Toafa Moata’ane, 2001). Anas first presentation of mental illness was in March 2011. Anas family noted deterioration in her mental state over the past ten days. They stated that Ana paced herself around the house, became paranoid that someone was out to get her, talked to herself, was agitated and even isolated herself. She also attempted to leave the house in which it took six family members to restraint her. Ana claimed to see devils and felt that God was working through her and had a mission to save the world. She also stated that her brothers were Prince William and Prince Harry. Anas cousin contacted the mental health line and she was then referred to a community mental health service. Ana had a psychotic episode which resolved quickly with medication. She was diagnosed with Schizo affective disorder with elevated mood and the initial plan was to continue taking medication with a iew to slowly decrease it and to continue her normal routine (Herrmann, 2005). Medications that have been prescribed for Ana was olanzapine 10mg daily which is an antipsychotic drug that is used to relieve psychotic symptoms. Some of olanzapines side effects include weight gain and sedation causing one to feel calm and often sleepy. Epilim 500mg (daily) was also prescribed for her, which is a mood stabilizer. Ana appeared to have an elevated mood so Epilim helped her to feel a more relaxed feeling, have less racing thoughts, and a big decrease in impulsiveness. Some of Epilims side effects include increase in appetite, temporary hair loss and diarrhoea (Elder, Evans Nizette, 2005). At the time of assessment Ana was pleasant, polite and cooperative in interactions. She was reasonably groomed and dressed appropriately. Her mood appeared to be euthymic with a pleasant and reactive affect. Ana denied any hallucinations, paranoia and denied hearing any voices. She appeared to be alert and orientated to time, place and person. Her memory appeared intact, but however had little insight to her illness. Her speech was relevant to the topic of discussion. Ana was not attending course anymore, was currently unemployed and on the sickness benefit (Manukau Institute of Technology, 2013). Concerns that are leading to Anas slow recovery in her mental illness include non-compliance. Ana has had three relapses in the past three years and had again deteriorated in her mental state all because she was reluctant to take her medication because it caused her to increase in weight. This relapse caused Ana to shoplift at the shops nearby, which may very well be part of her disorganized thought process. A major concern with increase in weight is that Ana is more prone to other health diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and high cholesterol. Therefore it is crucial to have ongoing assessment to monitor and prevent any major health problems. The doctor then decided to stop the olanzapine in July 2012 and prescribed risperidone 3mg (daily) which is another antipsychotic for a week then have intramuscular injections of risperdal consta 37. 5mg (fortnightly). One of Anas goals was to try and lose 20kg by the end of the year. Losing the weight will help to boost her self esteem and self image (Elder et al. 2005). Stigma is another concern and is defined by a mark of shame, guilt and inferiority that a person may carry from having mental illness and negative views from others, otherwise known as prejudice. Most Tongans have negative attitudes towards people with mental illness such as thinking they are fakasesele (crazy), broke a taboo (something sacred) or are possessed by the devil. Tongan families often attempt to conceal members who may be afflicted. Ana is the only child in the family and being a female her worth is of great value. In the Tongan culture, women are ranked higher than males. Anas parents stated that she is â€Å"the pearl of the family†. For Tongans including her parents, they prefer Tongan Healers and believe that taking medications and going to the hospital is the last resort. The lack of insight and support from Ana’s family contributed to her relapses (Peterson, Barnes Duncan, 2008). Ana and her parents have certain disagreements in regards to health because Ana was born and raised in New Zealand (an environment where almost everything is westernized), compared to her parents who were from the Tonga. The family denied that Ana had mental illness they sought help from Traditional Healers. Her parents believed that it is avanga or spirit possessed. So the Traditional Healers put green leaves in her eyes and throat. This treatment was carried out four times until Ana refused it completely; she said that â€Å"it burnt† and preferred the medications. Pacific cultures do not have words that translate easily into mental illness. It is considered to be conjoined from the overall wellbeing of the body, soul and spirit. The traditional Paci? belief related to mental health is that disturbed behaviour is a manifestation of an external spiritual force, especially ancestral spirits who have taken possession of the person because the person or the person’s family have broken a certain custom or offended the spirits in some way (Toafa Moata’ane, 2001). The more relapses Ana has, the more difficult it is to help her in her recovery process. The plan is for the nurse to carry out psycho education continuously for Ana and her family about her illness and educate them on the medication that she is taking, its side effects and why she needs it. The Tongan peer support service (PSS) will also be involved. This is a person who has experienced mental illness and is able to help clients like Ana to break the stigma and walk alongside Ana’s journey with mental illness. Psycho education and involving Ana’s family is extremely crucial to Ana’s recovery process. The expected goal is for Ana and her family to have a good understanding of her illness that is Schizo affective disorder and to be accepting and supportive in Anas recovery process (Ross, 2009).