Adult Stem Cells - 1234 Words

Written Assignment 2: Biology and Technology in the Real World Addresses course outcomes 2 and 3: †¢ use knowledge of biological principles to ask relevant questions about the natural world †¢ make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations 1. Select one of the following topics below. 2. Find articles related to the topic. 3. Write two pages, double spaced, excluding references. You must read the articles that you find and summarize the information they contain briefly in your own words. Extensive quotes from the article are discouraged. This assignment demonstrates the acceptable, ethical, and academic method for citing information from a public source. You may not use online†¦show more content†¦A friend asks you. Whats all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands? Briefly explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and oil sands are used to obtain fossil fuels. Then, in more detail, describe the environmental problems involved in these processes and why they are controversial. Finally, give your opinions on possible solutions to the problems, with your reasoning backed by the references that you studied. Stem cells Stem cells are a special group of cells found in all multicellular organisms. What makes them unique and different from other cells is the fact that they are unspecialized and have the potential to differentiate into diverse cell types while still maintaining the ability to replenish themselves. Generally, these cells are divided into 2 broad categories – the embryonic stem cells that are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and the adult stem cells that are harvested from the bone marrow, umbilical cord blood or the adipose tissue of an adult. Stem cell based regenerative therapies Because of their unparalleled ability to differentiate into a number of different cell types, stem cells are an attractive subject in the field of medical science. Stem cell therapy explores the possibility of introducing stem cells intoShow MoreRelatedThe Cell Of Adult Stem Cells993 Words   |  4 Pagesproliferative cells that maintain their population size when they divide, while at the same time producing progeny that enter a dividing transit population within which further rounds of cell division occur, together with differentiation events, resulting in the production of the various differentiated function cells required of the tissue.13 This means that adult stem cells exist in small groups and are mostly undifferentiated, meaning the cells have the capability to change into one or more cell typesRead MoreCell Cells And Adult Stem Cells Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into other cells or divide to produce more stem cells. There are two main types: pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells. The adult stem cells only produce certain types of cells and are categorised as multipotent. In contrast, pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any body cell (Stemcellfoundation.net.au, 2015); for example embryonic stem cells were first identified by Martin Evans in 1981 at The UniversityRead MoreStem Cells And Adult Stem Cell Research882 Words   |  4 PagesStem cell are cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells( Introduction [Stem Cell Information]., 2015). Stem cells, like any other cell divide, however, when stems cells divide they either remain a stem cell or become a specialized cell, for example, a neuron (Introduction [Stem Cell Information]., 2015). Stem cell research is nothing new; in fact the first bone marrow tran splant to successfully treat two siblings with combined immunodeficiencyRead MoreAdult Stem Cells Vs. Embryonic Stem Cell Research1108 Words   |  5 Pages4/4/16 Adult Stem Cells vs. Embryonic Stem Cells â€Å"The unspecialized cells are differentiated cells created are known as stem cells† (Miller Ph.D., Levine Ph.D., 2012). Embryonic and Adult stem cells are the only types of stem cells. Stem cell research shows a good deal of promise in the aiding of curing diseases. Both embryonic and adult stem cells show promise in curing diseases, but it is unclear which type of stem cell is more effective. The human embryo for embryonic stem cell researchRead MoreEmbryonic And Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages but he is unaware that the type of sickle cell disease from which he is suffering can be cured using stem cells. Scientists have recorded two types of stem cells – embryonic and adult. Stem cells can be retrieved not only from embryos, but also umbilical cords, the placenta, amniotic fluid, and adult tissues and organs (â€Å"Stem Cells,† 2011, p.12). Stem cell research is only a small part of a much larger field of regenerative medicine that includes cell-based therapies, gene technology, and tissueRead MoreAre Adult Stem Cells Are Been Curing Diseases?933 Words   |  4 Pagestreatable. However, the use of adult stem cells is proving to be an extremely effective method to cure a wide range of medical disorders. While little funding is available for stem cell research, the outcomes are beginning to look promising. In the article, â€Å" Adult Stem Cells Are Already Curing Diseases,† Jean Peduzzi Nelson, a stem cell researcher from Wayne State University, argues for more funding and research in the area of stem cells. She presents instances in which stem cells have worked to help cureRead MoreMedical Ethics : Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pages Tennisa Saunders Medical Ethics Adult Stem Cell Research Professor December 2016 In this essay I decided to write on Stem. Initially, I began by defining what stem cell is and the different types of stem cell scientist work with. I include the medical scenario of a woman from Huston by the name of Debbie Bertrand who suffered from Multiple Sclerosis. I also included Dr. Lall, discovery of stem cells in baby teeth, because I found the article to be very interesting. Philosophical questionRead More Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesEmbryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research With the advent of a wide variety of scientific advances in the medical field, especially those improvements in health-related fields, the quality of life for the earth’s inhabitants has improved greatly over the past century. Scientists continue to improve upon current knowledge and expand the field of medicine. Over the past few years, scientists have performed significant research pertaining to the study of stem cells. Many researchers see potentialRead MoreEmbryonic And Adult Stem Cell Research2165 Words   |  9 Pagesthe discovery of stem cells in the 19th Century. Stem cells have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). According to the National Institutes of Health, embryonic stem cells derive from four to five day old embryos, also known as blastocyst, that have been fertilized in vitro and donated to research purposes with informed consent from the donors. Adul t embryonic stem cells are found in differentiatedRead More Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research    Why is the mainstream media significantly downplaying exciting scientific discoveries with adult stem cells? This essay hopes to adequately answer that question. Heres the scoop: As originally reported late last year in the medical journal Blood, Dr. Catherine M. Verfaillie and other researchers at the Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, have discovered a way to coax an adult cell found in the bone marrow to exhibit many of the attributes

Privatization vs Public Sector Free Essays

What is privatization? It is the process of transferring ownership of a  business, enterprise, agency, public service or public property from the  public sector  (a government) to the  private sector, either to a business that operates for a profit or to a  non-profit organization. The term can also mean government outsourcing  of services or functions to private firms, What is public sector undertaking? In India, public sector undertaking (PSU) is a term used for a government-owned corporation (company in the public sector). From my point of view, privatization is going to be a remedy for the financial ailments of our public sector undertaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Privatization vs Public Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let’s discuss some factors about these two types of organizations. 1. Performance. Public sector undertaking tends to be  bureaucratic. A political government may only be motivated to improve a function when its poor performance becomes politically sensitive. 2. Increased efficiency. Private companies and firms have a greater incentive to produce more  goods and services  for the sake of reaching  customer satisfaction  and hence increasing profits. A public organization would not be as productive due to the lack of financing allocated by the entire government’s budget that must consider other areas of the economy. . Specialization. A private  business  has the ability to focus all relevant human and financial resources onto specific functions. A public sector undertaking does not have the necessary resources to  specialize  its goods and services as a result of the general products provided to the greatest number of people in the  population. 4. Cor ruption. A public sector undertaking is prone to  corruption; decisions are made primarily for political reasons, personal gain of the decision-maker, rather than economic ones. Corruption in a public sector undertaking affects the ongoing asset stream and company performance, whereas any corruption that may occur during the privatization process is a one-time event and does not affect ongoing cash flow or performance of the company. 5. Accountability. Managers of privately owned companies are accountable to their owners/shareholders and to the consumer, and can only exist and thrive where needs are met. Managers of publicly owned companies are required to be more accountable to the broader community and to political â€Å"stakeholders†. This can reduce their ability to directly and specifically serve the needs of their customers, and can bias investment decisions away from otherwise profitable areas. 6. Goals. A political government tends to run an industry or company for  political  goals rather than  economic  ones. 7. Capital. Privately held companies can sometimes more easily raise investment capital in the financial markets. public sector undertaking industries have to compete with demands from other government departments and special interests. 8. Lack of market discipline. Poorly managed public sector undertaking companies are insulated from the same discipline as private companies, which could go bankrupt, have their management removed, or be taken over by competitors. Publicly owned enterprises in competitive environments would not perform better than privately owned companies in the same circumstances in terms of profitability, Privatization reduces the net transfer to public sector undertaking from government as unnecessary subsidies. These transfers become positive if the government actually starts collecting taxes from privatized firms. Thank you. How to cite Privatization vs Public Sector, Essay examples

Sensitivity Analysis for Linear Optimization

Question: Discuss about the Sensitivity Analysis for Linear Optimization. Answer: Introduction ABCD Ltd. is a sports equipment manufacturing company. The company owns and operates number of manufacturing plants across the country. The company has a plant which manufactures basketball and football. The company has a limit on the maximum and minimum number of basketball and football it can manufacture. Also the production capacity of the plant is limited due to the maximum and minimum number of machine hours available. The company wants to optimize the production of basketball and football such that the profit generated by the company is maximized. The purpose of the report is to contain the detailed analysis of the operational activity of the company for this plant and the number of footballs and basketballs the company needs to produce to maximize profits. The report also contains information regarding the constraints which has limited the profits of the company and how and by what amount the company can increase the profits by changing the limiting resources. Description of the Problem The problem faced by the company is profit maximization by the sales of basketball and football. The profit of the company is dependent on the number of basketball and football the company can produce. The manufacturing of each basketball and football requires certain number of machine hours that is to be consumed. The company is subjected to capacity constraints due to the minimum and maximum machine hours available. Also the company has a demand constraint and hence has to produce between the range of minimum and maximum demand. Thus even if the company can earn more profits, it wont be able to produce number of units because of the above constraints. From the Answer report it can be seen that the machine hour and the number of footballs to be produced are the binding constraints i.e. the maximum profit can be increased if the company can increase the maximum demand of the football or it can increase the machine hours available.(Bertsimas, 1997) The maximum demand of the basketball has no effect on the maximum profit produced as it is not binding and the slack is 4000 i.e. even if the demand of the basketball decreases by 4000 units, there will be no change in the maximum profit obtained from the analysis. From the Sensitivity report it can be seen that the objective coefficient of the number of basketball and football is 7.95 and 9 respectively i.e. the profit earned by selling one unit of basketball is 7.95 and one unit of football is 9. The reduced cost is the amount by which the co efficients of the objective function can be changed without affecting the output. In this case, the reduced cost is 0 for both the basketball and football. Thus the profit of the company will change with the change in the co efficients of the objective function. The shadow price is the amount by the optimal solution will increase or decrease with unit change in the limiting constraint i.e. the profit of the company will increase by the amount in the shadow price if the limiting constraint is increased or decreased by a unit. (Bertsimas, 1997). In this case, the shadow price of the machine hour is 18. Thus if the machine hours available is increased by 1 unit, the profit will increase by $18. The shadow price of the number of football is 2.55. Thus if the maximum demand of football is increased by 1 unit, the profit will increase by 2.55 units. The allowable increase and decrease provides the range till which the calculated shadow price is valid i.e. if the constraint limit changes by more than the allowable limits then the shadow price will change. In this case, the allowable increase and decrease for the machine hours available is 2000 and 1000. Thus, the shadow price will remain same if the machine hour is between 39000 and 42000 hours. Similarly, the allowable increase and decrease for the number of football produced is 43333.33 and 6666.67 units. Thus, the shadow price will remain same if the number of football produced is between 33333.33 units and 83333.33 units. Conclusion Thus the number of basketballs and footballs to be produced by the company is 56000 and 40000 units respectively. The limiting constraints for the company are the maximum demand of football and the total machine hours available. Also it was found that if the company can increase the total machine hours available by 1 unit the profits will increase by $18 and if the company can increase the maximum demand of football by 1 unit the profits will increase by $2.55. Recommendations The following recommendations will help the company ABCD Ltd in smooth functioning of the plant As seen from the analysis, the profit of the company can be greatly improved if the machine hours are improved. The company should find methods to improve the efficiency of the labors so that the utilization of the machine is high and time consumed to produce each unit of basketball and football be reduced and thus the profits can be improved. For each hour saved, the company will be able to generate $18 profit. The company should also find methods to increase the maximum demand of football with the help of advertisement or finding new markets it can serve so that the profitability of the company can be increased. For each unit increase in demand, the company will be able to generate $2.55 profit. The company should use the depreciation of the machine used to help in reducing the taxable income and hence increase the profit of the company. The cost of the material purchased by the company affects the profitability of the company. The company should find ways to reduce the cost of the material to reduce the material cost and increase profits. This can be done by bulk purchasing and find new vendors who can provide the same quality at a lower price. References Bertsimas,D. (1997). Introduction to linear optimization. Publication: Athena Scientific Dynamic Ideas. Massachusetts. Sensitivity Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved on August 6, 2016 from https://www.excel-easy.com/examples/sensitivity-analysis.html.